Throughout his long and successful career, he worked at the Prognostic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, served as the Deputy Chairman of the first non-communist government after 1989, and until 1992, he was the Czechoslovak Minister of Economy, followed by five years as the Czech Minister of Industry and Trade. After leaving the government, he founded his own consulting company and works for large international corporations. He remains an advisor to the investment bank Goldman Sachs to this day. From 2009 to 2012, he served in the European Advisory Group of the Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund in Washington. From 2009 to 2013, he was a member of the National Economic Council of the government (NERV), and after its re-establishment in 2020, he became a member again. For nine years, he served as the President of the Czech Chamber of Commerce and was also the Vice President of Eurochambres, the European Association of Chambers of Commerce in Brussels. He teaches at the Institute of Economic Studies at the Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University.